The Failure Of The World Bank Essay - 1531 Words

The Failure of the World Bank’s Sardar Sarovar Dam project in India Lira Samanta The World Bank is known to fund many infrastructure projects in developing countries, presumably as a means to achieve their goals of increasing development in those countries. Hydroelectric dams are some of the much-maligned infrastructure projects funded by the World Bank. In a report authored by employees of the World Bank itself, the authors themselves highlight the â€Å"adverse environmental and related social impacts† of large dams, while attempting to draw a distinction between â€Å"relatively good dams and bad dams†. (Ledec Quintero, 2003) One example of a hydroelectric dam funded by the World Bank is the Sardar Sarovar Dam in India. The World Bank funded Sardar Sarovar in 1985, approving $450 million in loans for the development of this dam. (Bosshard, 2008) This development was envisioned as part of the Narmada Valley Development Project, also known as the â€Å"Narmada Project†, the scope of which included the provisioning of thirty large dams, 135 medium dams, and 3000 small dams. Of these, the Sardar Sarovar is one of the larger and most publicly troubling projects. The Indian government’s many claims about this dam have included that it would irrigate roughly 1.8 million hectares of land in the state of Gujarat, irrigate 73,000 hectares of land in the nearby state Rajasthan, and provide drinkable water to roughly 8000 Gujarati villages and 125 urban centers. (Narula, 2008) Despite theseShow MoreRelatedThe Success And Failure Of World Bank2873 Words   |  12 Pagesâ€Æ' Topic 17 : A Critical Analysis on the Success and Failure of World Bank History of World Bank The World Bank is founded in 1944 shortly before the end of World War II by 44 nations that met at Bretton Woods, New Hampshire. The World Bank is a multilateral institution, which together with the International Monetary Fund(IMF) and the World Trade Organization(WTO), became a part of the Bretton Woods Agreement. Initially the World Bank was created to assist in the redevelopment of Europe whom wasRead More Failure of IMF and World Bank Policies in Sub-Saharan Africa4500 Words   |  18 PagesFailure of IMF and World Bank Policies in Sub-Saharan Africa Over the last several hundred years, Africa has been deprived of the peace that it so desperately needs. For over 400 years, Africa was subjected to the harsh trans-Atlantic slave trade. Europeans and Americans brutally uprooted millions of Africans and shipped them away. Torn away from their homes, Africans were inhumanely exploited for their labor. The slave trade had a devastating effect not only on those involvedRead MoreManagement Failure Leads For Business Failure826 Words   |  4 PagesManagement failure leads to business failure. It is very difficult to succeed in this dynamic competitive world. Due to globalization, the competition has immensely increased. This has made the business perpetual existence and success questionable. Nowadays, business has to compete with larger number of competitors than they used to before. There are different reasons behind businesses failure. Few of the major issues that business might face hindering their perpetual existence a nd performance areRead MoreEssay On Stability Of River Banks897 Words   |  4 Pagesbecoming at risk of mass failure. Ultimate failure of a mass of soil is currently the most important threat to the long term stability of the Three Gorges dam (the largest dam in the world) and the 6300 km long Yangtze river, where up to 41.1% of the river basin area suffers from soil erosion problems (Peoples Daily Online, 2001). Slope stability is a largely researched topic and numerous models, failure mechanisms and parameters have been explored, however the analyses of river banks subject to the presenceRead MoreThe Great Depression Of The 1930s Essay1689 Words   |  7 PagesCrisis of 2008 in Comparison to the Great Depression of the 1930s Introduction The economic crisis’ of the 1930s and 2000s greatly impacted the United Sates (U.S) and the world. The Great Depression and Global Crisis were both major economic crisis’s the originated in the United States and spread to foreign markets around the world. The Great Depression is regarded as the biggest economic downturn, due to many factors like the stock market crash. The Global Crisis on the other hand, was a more recentRead MoreGovernment Bailout for Corporate Failures Essay1458 Words   |  6 PagesGup (2003) brings out that financial trouble is a periodical concern that occurs to banks, industrial companies and other organizations. Gup begins his article by reviewing the history and importance of government bailouts for corporate failures. In his article on â€Å"What Does Too Big to Fail Mean?† he uses rhetoric questions in order to engage the readers in his analysis of government bailouts. For instance, he poses the question, â€Å"what should government s and government regulators do about it?† (GupRead MoreEffects of Barings Collapse on the Banking Industry1226 Words   |  5 PagesEffects of Barings Collapse on the Banking Industry The uncovered loss of GBP 830 million led to a liquidity crisis for the Barings Bank , the collapse of the bank, which shocked all people, not only the financial world. Over the weekend of February 25 and 26, the management of Barings tried to arrange for a bailout by the Bank of England. Several investment banks gathered to discuss the possibility of raising enough private money to recapitalize Barings before the Tokyo market reopened on MondayRead MoreThe Financial Crisis Of 20081747 Words   |  7 Pageseconomic crisis of 2008 was one for the ages, it changed the world of investing forever. That year, the stock market crashed, bank failures and the infamous wall street bailout that can all be traced back to the subprime mortgage crisis.. The 2008 economic crisis rocked the global economy for the worst, and to this day the United States is trying to recover from the impact that the crisis had. In order to understand why exactly the banks failed people have to understand the subprime mortgage crisisRead MoreInternational Monetary Fund : The Imf And The World Bank1252 Words   |  6 PagesThe International Monetary Fund, otherwise known as the IMF and the World Bank are two of the most economic organizations. While they are both economic organizations, they have different objectives. In order to understand these objectives, one must know why these organizations were formed and what if anything they have accomplished. Based on said accomplishments and also based on their initial goals, one can infer which of the two has been a success. Therefore, it can be said that when it comes toRead More bank failures Essay1198 Words   |  5 Pagesnet/2001/article/bank_failures.htm Bank Failures We have written before about the remarkable ability of banks to create money when making loans, and of their equally remarkable ability to multiply these newly created-from-nothing bank deposits via fractional reserve banking. What we have written is true, and easily verified. But banks fail! That fact is equally true, and easily verified as well. How can we reconcile these apparently contradictory facts? If banks can create, and multiply, money, how

Life Easier Today Than It Was 50 Years Ago - 1532 Words

Paraphrasing S. Kathleen Kitao Kenji Kitao When you write a paper, you use some information that you have read in books, journals, on the Internet, etc. Your teacher might have told you, â€Å"Use your own words.† In other words, even when you use someone else’s information, you are not allowed to use the words they wrote. You have to use your own. You have to say the same thing in a different way. This is called paraphrasing. For example, if the book you are reading from says, â€Å"John Adams, who was involved in winning independence for the United States, was the second President.† You cannot write those words in your paper. You cannot even write, â€Å"John Adams, a man involved in winning independence for the United States, was its second†¦show more content†¦__Japan is a large country, compared to European countries.________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ 3. Geri wanted some candy, but there wasn’t any in the bowl. __Geri wanted some candy, but the bowl was empty.________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ Combining or Separating Sentences Long sentences can be divided, and short sentences can be combined with other short sentences. You can change â€Å"Ireland is a wonderful country, which has beautiful scenery, friendly people, and an interesting history† to â€Å"Ireland is a wonderful country. It has beautiful scenery, friendly people, and an interesting history.† You can also change â€Å"Ireland is a wonderful country. It has beautiful scenery, friendly people, and an interesting history† to â€Å"Ireland, which is a wonderful country, has beautiful scenery, friendly people, and an interesting history.† 1. Elizabeth I was the daughter of Henry VIII. She is one of England’s most famous queens. __Elizabeth I, who was the daughter of Henry VIII, was one of England’s most________ __famous queens.________________________________________________________________ 2. This book is about a woman who pretended to be a man to join the army in World War II. It is one of Lynn’s favorite books. ___This book, which is one of Lynn’s favorites, is about a woman who pretended to___ ___be a man to join theShow MoreRelatedTransitions of Time: Comparing Life Now to Life Fifty Years Ago.1664 Words   |  7 PagesComparing Life now to Life Fifty Years Ago. On the edge of the 21st century, man had discovered more ways than one to make this world a better and safer environment for the future generations due to the increasingly advancements of technology and science, civil reform and medical breakthroughs. However, this does not seem so compliant between generations based on life views, beliefs and opinion differences as they continue to induce provocative dialogues such as comparing life now to that of 50 yearsRead MoreHow Has the Nature of Family Life Changed in Australia over the Past 50 Years and What Impact Has This Had on Australian Society ?1026 Words   |  5 PagesMarch 14 2013 How has the nature of family life changed in Australia over the past 50 years and what impact has this had on Australian society ? Society and culture The nature of family life in Australias has changed over the past 50 years mainly due to advances in technology, changes in gender roles and also because of who has power and authority in todays modern families. As a result of these changes, Australias society has been impacted in many ways. 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Over past 20 or more years families in the world has changed the most than it has changed in all history. Of course changes in the families are different among cultures and religions. It seems that United States, Canada and Northern Europe families has changed the most, now Nuclear families are dominatingRead MoreThe Prehistory Of Human Existence1627 Words   |  7 Pagessimilarities. The lower Palaeolithic period was between 2.6 million and 300 000 years ago. The earliest human ancestors evidently known to man today to have made an appearance in Britain are the Homo heidelbergensis who are said to have lived between 300,000 and 600,000 years ago. However the strong similarities between the Homo heidelbergensis and the Homo erectus means there is some debate that there is no need to differentiate between the two and that it was Homo erectus who first reached Britain.Read MoreThen and Now Essay1242 Words   |  5 Pagesbetween being an adolescent today compared to being an adolescent sixty years ago. To find out more about the differences I was able to speak with a male, currently age 82, and a female age 18. I am familiar with both of these individuals one, a close friend of the family, and my cousin’s daughter was able to answer some questions for me also. These two people both grew up in the United States. The eighty-two year old lived in Kentucky as an adolescent. The eighteen year old currently resides inRead MoreEvolutionism : The Truth Behind Humans1647 Words   |  7 Pagesâ€Å"evolution is that all life on earth is descended from something that lived 3.8 billion years ago† (Introduction to Evolution). The one who started the evolution theory itself was Charles Darwin, who studied wildlife on his voyage and then decided to look at species at a deeper core and find their origin. Charles Darwin, who coined the evolution theory, believes in natural selection which organisms adapt to the environment in order to survive. Ever since Darwin’s theory was proposed people have heavilyRead MoreIs The American Dream True?1690 Words   |  7 Pagesâ€Å"Is the American Dream true?†, is what I say asked my freshmen year of high school. I obviously said yes being the naà ¯ve, inexperienced human being. I am a Hispanic, middle class, nineteen-year-old woman in college. This wouldn’t have been possible ye ars ago because of society! Even today, I am beating the odds. Most Americans didn’t have the chances I did because of the unfair role the society takes on class, race, and gender. 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Though most women today would likely file for a divorce without any thought, the times were different then and Daisy had her image and lifestyle in mind over her husband’s personal affairs. Daisy was described to have a â€Å"voice [that] is full of money† (Fitzgerald, 127) and â€Å"[her] life had to be shaped...immediately-and her

Significance of Communication Skills Free Essays

Conversing and corresponding with people around is such a common activity that most of individuals are so preoccupied with their daily routine that they do not stop and ponder over the immense advantages that business enterprises can derive from mastering the art and science of communication. Following payoffs are only suggestive: (1) Communication is the life blood of an organization Organization cannot function without people interacting, conversing or corresponding with one another. We will write a custom essay sample on Significance of Communication Skills or any similar topic only for you Order Now All enterprises require human beings working for it or with it, to: Interact and react Make assumptions about future or forecast future events ï‚ · Plan or draw up a rough blueprint for the future Organize / design a format of how to get resources together to achieve the plan Staff or gather / recruit people and get them to desired locations Lead or direct people, and devise their jobs so as to adhere to the plan Exchange information, ideas, plans and proposals Measure and monitor Coordinate and control Communication has been described as the „glue‟ that holds the entire organization together as one entity. Without communication, managers / leaders are not able to influence the attitude and behaviour of people to achieve the common objectives. Internal communication Before the end of nineteenth century, businesses were small; they started growing in size from the beginning of twentieth century. Contemporary business enterprises are very large and have not only become multinational but also transnational in character. Besides, they have grown in complexity in terms of a wide array of products and services they deal in and the number of countries and continents they are operating in. Also, arising from liberalizing of many national economies, global competition has intensified and the rate of change in market place has accelerated. Market forces have  also become very dynamic, almost verging on chaos. With business becoming very large in size, complex in nature and rapidly changing dynamics, enterprises must put in place effective internal communication so that every one can be kept informed of happenings within the large corporation. It is the only way managers / leaders can build understanding among people located in far off communities, countries and continents – stringing them together in to a beautiful necklace that everyone can be proud of. External communication As a business enterprise in the modern society, it has to interact, pro-act or react to happenings in other institutions viz. Government bodies, statutory / regulatory agencies, municipal authorities etc Distributors, dealers and retailers Customers, community and society at large Reputed organizations are concerned about their public image, goodwill and trust. In order to further reinforce their reputation, they participate in a number of activities: Public speeches by senior executives Tactful responses to comments and criticisms in the media Preparation and distribution of informative pamphlets about the firm Marketing communications or advertisement / publicity Production and dissemination of product catalogues, videos etc Because of their importance, these activities are centralized in the Public Relations and Corporate Communications department of large corporations. These activities have emerged as specialist skills of critical importance to the well being of the company. Successful messaging can: ï‚ · Eliminate unnecessary correspondence   Save time and expense Build favourable impression in public mind Enhance reputation and goodwill Help increase company profits and profitability Communication skills as vital job requirement Human beings are communicating all the time. Ability to express powerfully and influence the attitude and behaviour of people for giving better performance on their jobs, has emerged as a job skill of critical importance for managers / leaders at all levels of management. Thus all employees are expected to: 1 Write good correspondence 2 Be good in oral conversation 3 Develop and cultivate powerful body language 4 Be able to sell ideas and products effectively 5 Be very good in weaning away customers from competitor and retaining them It is now increasingly understood that even specialists like accountants, engineers, technicians etc should have good communication skills. In the present day knowledge society, competitive advantage of acquiring excellent communication skills cannot and perhaps need not be emphasized! Communication skills essential for promotion Communication skills have emerged as the most critical prerequisite for promotion to senior executive positions in the industry. Consequently, managers at lower rungs of organizations should also have good command over the spoken and written language of the business. As a general rule, managers should have the ability to make their communications heard, read or understood. Individuals who have had quick rise to senior level positions, attribute it to their being good in conversation and in articulating topical issues besides being very good in written communications – be it in writing persuasive letters or producing concise and compelling reports. Communication skills aid problem solving A person can become a good communicator only when he is a clear and systematic thinker. Acquiring effective communication skills adds to one‟s self esteem and confidence. This helps managers to be able to collect relevant information and get around people quickly that are essential prerequisites for any problem solving effort. Communication skills ignite enthusiasm If a person is able to articulate viewpoint of the group he belongs to, it enthuses him because he becomes the automatic choice as their representative. The person becomes more spirited and involved and his group activities increase manifolds. People rally around such persons more readily and they progress in to more important roles. Communication skills enhance motivation People who have good oral or written communication skills usually develop into very good listeners. Listening to others leads to added learning that influences their attitude and behaviour. It goes a long way in re-orienting their mindset towards work and enhancing their performance. Such persons become more aligned to firm‟s objectives and are motivated to accomplish them. Communication skills are advantageous in personal life As private citizens, individuals take part in a lot of activities like sports, club work, social work, community work etc. People also participate in other social, cultural and religious activities. If they are good communicators, they get noticed quickly and can be appointed or nominated to many such activity groups. Before long, they become well-known and prominent member of the community. (10) Communication skills hone leadership traits From the foregoing discussions, it is easy to understand that all leaders in business, industry or political arena, have notably better skills in communication. They are able to deliver informative and persuasive speeches to audience at large. They are able to draw up, compose and distribute most effective posters, banners and circulars. Thus effective communication skills propel them to positions of leadership. (11) Dividends from effective communication skills Communication skills have come to be recognized as integral part of one‟s upbringing and personality. His choice of words and phrases and their use is quite unique to him and can directly give clues to his personality. In the modern age of knowledge society when education, training and skills are being formally taught, communication skills have become of critical importance in every day life. It is said that it is no use having brilliant ideas if one cannot put them across properly, accurately and lucidly. Following illustration highlights the strategic importance of role and importance of communication skills: Effective Communications  Enhance How to cite Significance of Communication Skills, Papers

Consolidated Life Case-Business Ethics free essay sample

Consolidated life is a prestigious insurance company however, due to the nature of the establishment the duties required by the worker neither required minimal knowledge nor did you have to have a high level education in order to obtain a position at the company. Mr. Mike Wilson however, obtained a business degree in administration. He was hired by Consolidated Life as simply as you can put a clerical worker. He worked in the policy issue department which main duties included processing or in taking clients orders for insurance, customer service, and client services.One would say that working for them; your performance required little to no creativity. It was the same day-to-day work load. Because it required so little creativity, daily routines were repetitive and can be done basically, with your hands tied to you back. Mike Wilson demonstrated how an effective a leader can be in the workforce rather than just a manager by title. He portrayed in existence of â€Å"high fidelity† which is the best experience you can have in a workplace. In the book Trade Off, by Author Kevin Maney, the word fidelity deals with â€Å"the total experience of something† (Maney, 2009). The author also says that â€Å"aura† can also provides an advantage to fidelity. With that being said Mr. Wilson influenced his co-workers with providing them with incentives and rewards in which they can gain a reward at the end of the task but most importantly he provided the right tools and motivations in order for his employees to work in a positive mind frame.This created a system of mutual bipartisanship between supervisor and employee. Model: based on the Organizational Model Behavior Mikes drive and motivation can be comparable to a person with theory y attributes. The theory Y concept displays how an employees work is as natural as play. Also a person with this characteristic has a huge sense of self-direction and self-control. Mr. Wilson showed this by cultivating a modern management technique that motivated its workers rather than coerced them which a person who you can place in this.Whereas, a person with the characteristics of theory x† carries the opposite attractions. The individual is not seen as enthusiastic about their job. They are mainly threatened or told â€Å"do it or else† and as stated before, lack the ability and drive to overachieve. They usually follow the motto, overpromise-under deliver. Mikes performance ultimately won him a promotion working in the supervisory assignment area. He won this promotion just six weeks after promise. Mike brought a sense of modern culture although it was seen as unorthodox or non-traditional.When comparing the delegation of authority in the levels of management the organization structure clearly shows that the establishment followed an authority oriented program in which Presidents are first to make decisions for the overall â€Å"vision† for the company in which it then trickles down to the VP who implements the President’s strategy by orchestrating a staff of supervisors to oversee the execution. Situation: There seems to be a drastic change to the division in which Mike supervised some time ago.When Mike realized his unhappiness at his new division he sought a remedy for disaster by returning to his old division forcing him under new terms and most importantly, a new boss. The performance value of his once over exceedin g staff was now dwindled and unmotivated. The new way in which they worked became stricter and more inflexible. It was stale and there was no aura of high fidelity being promoted. Problems: The problem of this case has to do with mis-delegation of roles and mis-clarification for all parties. Not only that, the fact is the company as a whole has not identified its mission statement for their employees.With that being said the transition from the time Mike left became a tragedy. As stated before, the culture of the environment was slated after Mike left. It became from being a collegial environment to an autocratic environment once new vice president Jack Greely took over. Not only did he change the environment of the company, he basically dismantled the structure and rebuilt it based on his power. Until Mike was promoted the managerial style approach was not identified and supervisors, at this early time wanted a change and that’s why Mike was chosen to become supervisor.However, when Jack took Mike’s former supervisor’s place, the organization became, autocratic. An autocratic person can be defined as an employee that is dependent tot tally on a supervisor. This person has no other desire than to do what is only required out of the task and only the minimum. Usually in an autocratic setting the boss expects pure obedience from their employees and rely straight on authority from higher ups with no regard to any self-drive for themselves and lacks the qualities and abilities to take on initiatives and providing an entrepreneurial attitude about themselves.This can be explained by using the Abraham Maslow’s Theory found in a n essay article written by Janet Simmons, Donald Irvin, and Beverly Drinnien which it states he says accordingly â€Å"that the only reason that people would not move well in direction of self-actualization is because of hindrances placed in their way by society† (Janet A. Simons, 1987). Also saying â€Å"We must see that the persons basic needs are satisfied. This includes safety, belongingness, and esteem needs† (Janet A. Simons, 1987) A person in the Consolidated Life organization that can be also skewed towards the autocratic style is Mr.Rick Belkner. Mike’s former boss. This, for lack of a better term, lazy supervisor (whom he was Mikes supervisor initially) illustrated as a person who rather do crossword puzzles during his work shift then to lead by example, what a competent Vice President of their division; shy 40,000 of a six-figure salary. The point was clearly made by Mr. Greely when he assumed that Mikes management style would still be undermined no matter how good of his performance. He even went to the extent of assuring that Mr. Wilson will fail no matter how high you move up in the establishment. It is almost agreeable to say that Mr.Speelys choose of words were not only rude but shows a poor and ineffective leader. Mr. Greely does not seem to be results-driven but ego-driven as his defense for Mikes work style was inarguable and measured his own assumption to Mikes performance rather than just judging an employee on what he does best, his/her performance. Reading how Mike handled it; amazingly enough. In the chart featured on page-You can see simple comparing of the two different types of behavioral patterns by identifying the qualities, organizational and environmental forces that are represented by the 2 behavior patterns.You will see the differences between a workers operating in an autocratic setting versus a person who operates under the collegial or supportive setting(s). By identifying the contrast you are able to see what kind of modifications or structures that would have to be put in place based on a employees attitude. The attitude in which comes from probably stems from personal goal, motivations, or self desires a person may have in their work space. Some individuals dont possess the willingness to achieve and be a leader. Some individual are quite happy with just being an average worker and moving up in the corporate latter is something that does not motivate them. Autocratic Environment Vs. Collegial /System Environment Base Questions for Case 1. Describe ALL the factors that contributed to Mike’s lack of promotion at the end. Was his lack of promotion fair? When Mike left the division, he left the process in which he created, to be altered by the new president upon his departure. The flexible leadership that led to the team success came to a halt when divisional vice president, Jack Greely; who’s reputation was described as tough but fair.Mike accepted the position at the old division again without really investigating the provisions in which he was now to work under. He loss total control when he noticed that co-workers were actually more inclined to follow Mr. Greelys direction because the employees knew the order of hierarchy and knew the consequences of action should one follow anyones demands except for Mr. Greelys. 2. Using your knowledge of culture, explain in detail Consolidated Life’s culture when Mike was first hired and then when he returned.There was a transition in the organization which proved to have opportunities due to the position void. Such example shows that Mike (when he was first hired by Consolidated Life) he was promoted to his position because of the opportunities of change. Mike’s style was not really favored by his â€Å"higher-ups† but because he manages to increase workflow and reduce errors, which created more performance his flexible style was overlook which sends a sign of â€Å"inconsistency†. If you are going to allow a manager to take over the project then let them take over.As long as they don’t compromise the integrity of the company or do anything illegal. 3. What actions could Consolidated Life have taken to prevent Mike’s problems? There should have been more flexibility granted for Mike to effectively coordinate his team. Mr. Wilsons track record clearly shows that as a supervisor he is competent to make educated decisions and lead a staff with ease. An employee is always happy when they are not pressured nor stressed. Most important of all, when a leader shows reciprocity, more than likely there would be a win-win.For Example, Mikes strategy to reward his co-workers in exchange for hard work showed the worker was not working out of vain and in fact he/she was being acknowledged and rewarded for the hard efforts being put forth. 4. Who do you think was at fault for Mike’s problems, Mike or his supervisors (e. g. , Jack) or others? Completely justify your opinion. The fault of Mike problems was his free spirited style which usually offends conservatives. Jack implemented a â€Å"corporate† style setting upon Mike’s return.